Demography and Stable Fertility Replacement

A century is quite long; anything and many things could change in 100 years. Our world population and fertility rates for one thing. Currently developed countries either have a declining population or a mostly stable fertility replacement level. However, most developing countries still have an ever-increasing population, which has quite a few negative effects on health, economy, etc. Will they stabilize in the next hundred years? I believe there is a huge possibility for them to indeed stabilize.With an ever-increasing global village, thanks to social networks, different people in different countries are becoming more and more like-minded. These developing countries have more access to the media and the over all mind sets of developed countries. I am originally from Arizona in the USA, but have been living in South Africa for the past 4 years. I can sense a dramatic change between the thought patterns among older generations of this country and those of the youth.Even those living in the impoverished townships have complete access to current Hollywood movies, Internet, and current music. This access allows all of them to speak English along with think with a more westernized mindset. Where the older generations want as many children as possible so that their children will take care of them in old age, and because of lobola (where a potential husband must pay his fiance’s parents roughly $5000 to marry her).But the youth nowadays want to get secondary educations, and want to have smaller healthy families, because they desire to be more like Americans. If such access is available in other developing countries I believe they will have a more stable fertility rate at some point in the next 100 years. These governments however will need to have active policies. It is no use knowing you need contraceptives, when you cannot get contraceptives. Without the support of governments and health facilities, woman and couples just may give up trying to plan their child ren.While keeping independence in tact, governments need to have simple policies that allow for choice. Basically just giving the availability of contraceptives, family planning, and health facilities (some forced things could be sexual education in school). Freedom of choice should not be taken from them; rather policies to increase their choices so they can better take control of their individual lives and that of their families or planned family. Demography and Stable Fertility Replacement A century is quite long; anything and many things could change in 100 years. Our world population and fertility rates for one thing. Currently developed countries either have a declining population or a mostly stable fertility replacement level. However, most developing countries still have an ever-increasing population, which has quite a few negative effects on health, economy, etc. Will they stabilize in the next hundred years? I believe there is a huge possibility for them to indeed stabilize.With an ever-increasing global village, thanks to social networks, different people in different countries are becoming more and more like-minded. These developing countries have more access to the media and the over all mind sets of developed countries. I am originally from Arizona in the USA, but have been living in South Africa for the past 4 years. I can sense a dramatic change between the thought patterns among older generations of this country and those of the youth.Even those living in the impoverished townships have complete access to current Hollywood movies, Internet, and current music. This access allows all of them to speak English along with think with a more westernized mindset. Where the older generations want as many children as possible so that their children will take care of them in old age, and because of lobola (where a potential husband must pay his fiance’s parents roughly $5000 to marry her).But the youth nowadays want to get secondary educations, and want to have smaller healthy families, because they desire to be more like Americans. If such access is available in other developing countries I believe they will have a more stable fertility rate at some point in the next 100 years. These governments however will need to have active policies. It is no use knowing you need contraceptives, when you cannot get contraceptives. Without the support of governments and health facilities, woman and couples just may give up trying to plan their child ren.While keeping independence in tact, governments need to have simple policies that allow for choice. Basically just giving the availability of contraceptives, family planning, and health facilities (some forced things could be sexual education in school). Freedom of choice should not be taken from them; rather policies to increase their choices so they can better take control of their individual lives and that of their families or planned family.

A World Without the Internet Essay

No internet is a good thing. The internet is the most important, integral and ingenious invention known to the modern world. As a population we have developed our understanding of it until we have finally become dependent on it. Imagine a life without the internet. Imagine this utopia†¦ I know what you’re thinking. How would I research for your history project? Apply for a job? And how am I meant to talk to my friends without my Facebook account? I believe that life without the internet would make the world today a lot fitter, more knowledgeable and a lot more sociable and I am here to tell you why I believe this. see more:without internet I believe that going back in time and using the old fashioned way of research like books and library’s would benefit us as humans greatly. We would all have a wider range of knowledge as well as eliminating one of the major sources of plagiarism. I believe that students would have a broader understanding of the world and its history due to sifting through many books to find the information that is needed instead of typing it into the internet and having the information awarded to you without having to look for it. This change would also mean the would be a lot less coping and pasting meaning people may retain information easier as a result of having to write things out for themselves. There would also be a massive change in the way we communicate if all mobile phones and the internet disappeared. This would result in everyone having better social because communities would have to talk to each other face to face rather than everyone hiding behind a computer screen. Linking into this I believe that our nation would all be fitter by the reason of having to visit friends instead of emailing or ringing and playing outside more instead of games on the internet. Following on from this, many identity theft crimes take place on the internet, meaning the internet can be very unsafe. Bank details wouldn’t be at risk as much if the internet wasn’t around for the reason of it would be a lot harder to get hold of them if they are protected properly. No illegal downloads would take place considering that the internet doesn’t exist; no cyber bulling either thanks to no social sites on the internet. In conclusion, we have to remember that the internet is a relatively new thing to our lives at the moment; many generations coped have without so why is it so hard for us to do? Though it helps us immensely with our everyday lives this change could be a great asset for our ever-growing community.

Innovative Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Innovative Organisations - Essay Example By virtually every measure, Ryanair has managed to develop positive leadership innovation, process innovation and product/service innovation by creating new business models and business structures designed to bring long-term value to the business. This report identifies Ryanair’s strategies in innovation, an assessment of these innovations, and also a description of how the author of this report could contribute effectively to the long-term future of Ryanair. Innovation is key to any successful enterprise. There are a wide variety of acceptable definitions of innovation, one of which is the successful creation and launch of a new product or service concept which provides significant competitive advantage to today’s firms. Competitive advantage means utilising this new innovative idea or concept and applying it using a market-focused methodology which outperforms competing companies and gains market share in the process. This report highlights the activities of Ryanair, the low-frills, discount airline company, which provide innovation in the airline industry and a stronger business portfolio. Ryanair was established in the 1990s as one of the first no-frills discount airline companies in Europe. The company, with this discount philosophy, has managed to increase its market share against major competitors such as Lufthansa and Air France-KLM (Done, 2009), which is not an easy task to accomplish considering how long these airline companies have been a staple airline carriers in Europe. When the company was first implemented, there did not seem to be a heavy consumer demand for no-frills services, or perhaps the company simply lacked marketing focus, as the business was riddled with heavy losses and an inability to seize a higher volume of market share than that of its competition (Done). However, today, Ryanair has managed to redevelop its previous business model, making it more adaptive to consumer needs, which is bringing the

X Teams Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

X Teams - Article Example The measures will ensure the operations remains intact should the unexpected happen. They provide clear guideline to follow in such situation. The X Team Model provides a dynamic exclusive criterion that enhances success of firms operations amidst difficult periods. Solid, reliable relations within the firm and outside with the public’s creates trust within the organizational vicinity. Appealing public relations with other firms creates an environment that favours growth. Unity within the organizational personnel encourages sharing of ideas hence enhancing creativity resulting to innovation and inventions. It also creates new synergies taking advantages of external opportunities counteracting any probable threats. Three phases of exploration, exploitation, and exportation enable firm keep in pace with its competitors. It enhances solving of complex problems using simple innovative ideas. Organizational teams will link up with external environment potentiating production of new goods and services. Leadership distribution enables organization to harness leadership capabilities existing in the firm. This accelerates the innovation and change process. Top leaders liaise with other managers orienting them fully on ways to manage projects, initiatives to monitor and evaluate organizational progress, effective decision-making, and conflict solving skills. In conclusion, all these processes provide a well-distributed chain of relationship that encourages growth and invention making development a reality in organization. All stakeholders are involved hence teamwork. This results to organizational preparedness strategies

Simple Profit Maximizing Perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Simple Profit Maximizing Perspective - Essay Example Firms use these strategies as the spring board for their activities towards profit realization. These strategies introduce both positive and negative results to the organization. Positivity arises when the firm meets its targets and rewards employees and shareholders. Negative results arise when managers concentrate on personal development instead of the firm’s goals. The firm may also engage in unethical practices in order to achieve its profit goals. Therefore, there is need for strategic management of the firm’s profit strategies to prevent the workers from going overboard to introduce negative impacts to the firm. Profit maximization perspectives Total revenue- total cost Total revenues are derived from the amount a firm receives from the sale of its output. Total costs include all expenses incurred by a firm in buying the inputs required in the production process (Grant, 2002). This perspective begins with determining the optimum quantity of output that will maximi ze profits. The quality of the output is also considered in the planning stage. Firms processing high quality products attract several customers, which increases their revenue. A firm is considered profitable when the total revenues exceed the total costs. As illustrated in the diagram below, the curve illustrates profit maximization point for a firm in a perfect competition market. The optimal level of output at which the firm should operate to maximize profits is point C. At this point, the total profit curve is also at its maximum; therefore the firm can maximize its profits. Figure 1.0 Total revenue-total cost curve Source: Journal of Political Economy, 108 (3): 604-631. Marginal revenue- marginal cost This perspective holds that for each unit sold, a deduction of marginal cost from the marginal revenue will result to a marginal profit. At a certain level of output, the marginal profit becomes positive when marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost (Smith, Ferrier & Ndofor, 2001). This firm can adopt this level as the optimum level of production and the number of units produced should not fall below this level. Where the marginal cost exceeds the marginal revenue, the firm is making marginal losses, and this is an indication that the firm should produce fewer units of output. When the marginal cost is equal to the marginal revenue, the marginal profit is zero and the firm is considered to be maximizing profits. The goals of a firm are crucial as they are the elements that lay a foundation for understanding, predicting and interpreting different profit behaviors experienced by different firms. Some profit maximization strategies may have a conflict with the employees of the firm leading to negative impacts. Profit maximization perspectives limit the ability to understand how the firms utilize different methods and techniques to achieve their goals and objectives. The agency theory gives the relationship between the ownership structure of a firm and the profit maximization objective. The theory demarcates ownership from control of corporate organizations (Berle, & Means, 2006). This leads to a nonprofit maximizing behavior if managerial and individual needs have a mismatch with the profit goal of the organizational. This is common in firms where the managers have different goals from those governing the entire firm. The managers strife to achieve and maximize personal utility and they end up compromising the profit targets of the firm (Gupta et al., 2004). In microeconomic theory, it is argued that only

The role of OS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

The role of OS - Essay Example Some of the most common functionalities of any operating system are mentioned below: History of Operating Systems starts as early as the first computing machine. It is a subject of great researched and every generation is adding more features to the operating system making them more and more efficient. The modern operating systems can be broadly classified into two categories: Microsoft Windows is the most common household operating system widely present. Its success mainly is a result of its user interface which is very user friendly. Windows has a graphical user interface which makes it very easy for the user to select options and issue commands. XP was the latest success of the Windows family. The user interacts with the hardware in form of buttons, boxes and images by clicking the mouse. Any layman without any experience working with computers can easily work on GUI based operating systems. UNIX on the other hand is an operating system which is not GUI based. Users working on UNIX have to remember commands and type the commands to achieve results. Although UNIX is quite popular on the research front, it did not gain wide acceptability because of the lack of a graphical user interface. There is no well defined fact as to which operati... There is no well defined fact as to which operating system is better than the other. Every OS has its own disciples and haters. Every commercially available OS has its own pros and cons. Microsoft operating systems are easy to use but are expensive and low on security. Linux and UNIX on the other hand are freely available and extremely secure but lack a user friendly user interface. It depends on the type of the user and his nature of requirements that finally decides which OS would be the best for him. Answer 2 An Operating System acts an interface between the user and the computer. Although most users would have had some experience with an operating system, it is very difficult to precisely define the purpose of an operating system. This difficulty arrives mainly due to the fact that an operating system performs two basically unrelated functions: Extended Machine and Resource Manager (Tanenbaum, 1987). As an extended machine the operating system assists the architectural components (Instruction Set, Memory, IO) to understand the user input, provides them with their requirements to solve the user problem and give the result back to the user. As a resource manager the Operating System provides the users with a top-down view. The operating System performs the job of controlled and orderly allocation of processors, memory and IO devices among the various tasks that are competing for them. Based on the above discussion the primary purposes of an Operating System can be enlisted as under: Process Management: Process is defined as an instance of a program that is currently under execution (Stallings, 2002). A process needs certain resources such as CPU time, memory, files and IO devices to accomplish its tasks. The Operating System is responsible

How can inequality undermine the development of a country Essay

How can inequality undermine the development of a country - Essay Example In comparison, economic inequality is far more quantifiable and measurable. To put it in simple terms, economic inequality is a disparity in income. This disparity can exist within a village, a country or between different countries. According to Ray â€Å"it permits one individual certain material choices, while denying another individual those very same choices.† There are several methods to measure this inequality, which, I will elaborate on later. According to noted economists Sen and Foster (1973), inequality is deeply interlinked with rebellion and the fall of dynasties. It has been said, that the French and Russian Revolutions were brought about ultimately by the inequality that persisted within the respective societies and the failure to address them. The relationship between inequality and growth or development is often controversial and existing research is still inconclusive in terms of ascertaining the actual cause and effect each variable has on the other. Development in the terminology of economics refers primarily to economic growth and expansion, which usually leads to an increase in incomes. The crux of equality or inequality is how much of the population (i.e. which segments) benefits from this growth. If only one segment of the population witnesses an increase in incomes than economic, inequality exists. Different economists and researchers have come to different conclusions on the relationship between economic inequality and economic growth, these range from inequality having a positive impact on development to inequality causing economic stagnation. As mentioned before both of these conclusions are a cause for debate and neither has been accepted as definitive. What is clear, however, is the fact that both inequality and growth are affected by several factors that are independent of either. The many volumes of research and economic literature available on the subject focuses on the basic question of whether development and inequality

Police corruption relating to money laundering Essay

Police corruption relating to money laundering - Essay Example This nexus of police and politicians often leads to disastrous consequences for the country's prosperity. Political leaders have often been found to be involved in the cases of money laundering in many countries around the world. In such cases, money laundering happens to be the next stage of money laundering. Political leaders generate billions of dollars of funds from different corrupt practices. They cannot deposit this money in country's banks, which then requires to be deposited elsewhere using the money laundering route. International bodies like UN have also raised the issue from time to time, and called upon respective governments to put in place proper rules and regulations which help in controlling the menace of corruption. The 'UN Convention Against Corruption' (UNCAC) is one such international understanding which came into force in 2003 and calls upon member countries to establish criminal offence cases against people indulging in corrupt practices. Despite much persuasio n and resolutions adopted by different countries from time to time, the menace of corruption appears all the more strong all these years. Corruption as such has been defined as the 'abuse of a position of trust to gain an unfair advantage' (Chaikin, 2008). When the extent of unfair advantage gains huge proportions, things appear to go out of hand. Such practices not only prove to be a big drain on the development and resources of the country, but it also adversely impacts the morale of the citizens. Many politicians have often been implicated in money laundering cases. For example, French politicians Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres and Francois Leotard were found to guilty and convicted for money laundering in the political party of the President Chirac (BBC, 2004). In general the money laundering takes places in such a manner that money earned through corrupt means is stashed away in banks abroad, which then finds way back home using false invoices, loans etc. This money is then used by the concerned person to make luxurious purchases or further promote the businesses (Fig). Once the money launderer is able to firm up the chain, then it becomes extremely difficult for the law of the land to trap it, more so because the chain is established with fullest support from the police establishment. Corruption and money laundering often go hand in hand, with the presence of one strengthening the other. While concealing such money, the police administration needs to be paid bribes. Chaikin (2008) defines money laundering as 'a process in which the ownership or control of assets and income are obscured or concealed from tax authorities, law-enforcement agencies or private parties, who have a legitimate interest in discovering the true beneficial owner or controller of such assets/income'. Police administration is the key law enforcement agencies entrusted with taking action against such corrupt practices. Chaikin (2008) further states that money laundering has two inter-related processes, namely; Anyone hiding the money for improper or illegal reasons is involved in money laundering. Money is "cleaned" or sanitised whenever its true nature, source or use is concealed. In some countries this process is called conversion of black money into white money. There were allegations that Iraq was receiving arms and ammunition from international arms dealers even during the period of

The War on Drugs in America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The War on Drugs in America - Research Paper Example However, researchers agree that criminal activity in America and the rest of the world is strongly associated with drug availability and usage (Dobkin & Nicosia 2009). During the 90’s youth gangs surged all over United States. Interestingly, during the same time crack cocaine also became the drug of choice for many. Youth gangs high on crack brought the third and inevitable problem; gang related violence. In the 1960’s gangs were not involved in drug trafficking or abuse, but the rapid growth in the number of cocaine users led to the gang members not only becoming drug abusers but also getting involved in the trade of drug. This in turn brought crack cocaine in easy access of the masses, as even the street corner gangs started thinking of drug trade as an easy way of making money. Studies show that by the 1990’s gang members were involved in higher levels of drug use as compared to non-gang member population (Howell & Decker 1999). Of course, preceding decline in manufacturing jobs did not help the situation. Selling drugs was and still is considered a way of making quick money. Most of the new jobs created in the 80’s and 90’s were in suburbs. This left the inner city residents to fend for them and drug marketers were the only one providing work. Drugs affected the social life of these gang members in other ways as well. Firstly, their new economy forced them to rethink their pathways in life. The traditional work, marriage and family lifestyle was now out of question for many. These young gang members would no longer be influenced by norms and traditions. Instead, their gangs acted as families with social control over its members. This was followed by the violence. Gangs ferociously guarded their areas and turf wars broke out. Research into the relationship between drugs and violent crime has outlined three ways in which drugs can lead to violence. First, the pharmacological effects of a drug can make its user violent and se condly, violence occurs when an abusers is forced to commit violent crimes in order to secure financing for their expensive habit. Lastly, violence is the product of the drug system in which it is the only way of ensuring expansion of drug market share and protection from other market participants (Howell & Decker, 1999). Another side effect of drugs being sold on the street corner is that those who were already dealing with the harsh realities of life found an easy way out of their problems, even if it was for a little while. This led to many women to abuse drugs as well. The increase in prostitution can also be coincided with the increase of drugs in the American society. It is too, a never-ending cycle as prostitutes use drugs to deal with the humiliating aspects of their profession while indulging in it to finance their expensive habit of drug abuse (Young, Boyd & Hubbell 2000). Many people think that drug addicts simply lack the will to leave their addiction or they are morally corrupt because they consciously want to do all the bad things that happen. The reality is that drug addiction is a disease that alters the brain chemistry of a person making it impossible to simply wash the addiction away. Every year more than $600 billion are spent in health and crime costs related to drugs. However, even these numbers are insufficient to explain the harm caused by drugs to our society, as

Law of contract Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of contract - Case Study Example In this scenario,there are two questions which arise.First,is the price of 100 listed in the newspaper advertisement binding on Wedding Heaven in the event that they sell the dress.Secondly,does the delay of John cause him in law to have accepted the contract offer of the lower amount of 150In order to give effective analysis to this question it is important to look at relevant Irish case law on this issue in order to determine whether or not such actions constitute a binding contract enforceable in law. There are a number of leading cases in both the Irish jurisdiction and other common law jurisdictions, notably England, which need to be assessed in order to consider this question.This essay shall first analyse the formative components which are necessary for the formation of a contract. Secondly, after assessing the relevant law, these principles will be applied to the current scenario above. Finally, and in conclusion, this paper shall decide whether or not a claim exists in contr act law in the scenario again either Wedding Heaven, or John the DJ. We now turn to the basic contract law principles which currently exist in Ireland.First, we must look at the relevant contract law principles on order to ascertain the current state of the law in Ireland. There are a number of requirements necessary for the formation of a valid contract. This includes offer and acceptance, an intention to create legal relations; and finally consideration. It is the first two elements which this paper shall concentrate on. Offer It is important at the outset to distinguish between and offer and a mere invitation to treat. An offer is when the seller sets out in certain terms what they propose to sell to the potential buyer. In essence, it is the final set of terms which, if accepted by the buyer, would create a valid contract. However, an invitation to treat is not a formal offer, but rather an indication of intent to enter negotiations. It is not possible to accept a mere invitation to treat in order to create a binding contract. Therefore it is important to ascertain the exact intent of any representation as to whether it is a formal offer or simply a declaration of intent. Such declarations may be considered as offers under statute1 or common law2. In general, advertisements are considered to be an invitation to treat. In the English case of C.A. Norgren Co. v Tech-nomarketing,3 Walton J refused a committal order against one of the defendants for allegedly breaching an undertaking given to the High Court that the defendants would not "make, offer for sale, sell or distribute" items that were subject to copyright.4 The defendants distributed a price list and brochure, including an item covered by the undertaking. Walton J. upheld the contention of the defendant that, generally, the distribution of advertising material constituted an invitation to treat and was therefore not an offer. In order to gauge the intention of the seller, this can either be express by way of direct words, or implied by his actions. It has previously been held in case law that a personal quotation of the price of goods was merely an invitation to treat.5 Further, it has also been held that a display of goods for sale with the price labels attached is in all probability only an invitation to treat, whether the products are in a shop window, on a store shelf or indeed in a self-service store6. One of the leading cases is that of Fisher v Bell7 where a shopkeeper displayed in a knife with a price ticket in his shop window. He was charged with offering a flick knife for sale in contravention of the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959 s1. It was however held that the shopkeeper was not guilty because displaying the knife in the shop window amounted merely to an invitation to treat. Accordingly, the shopkeeper had not offered the knife for sale within the 1959 Act. Further, In the leading English case of Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

Jonathon Livingston Seagull Essay Example for Free

Jonathon Livingston Seagull Essay 1. The fictional book, Jonathon Livingston Seagull written by Richard Bach, sold over a million copies during its debut in 1970 and stayed on The New York Times Top Ten list for 38 weeks in a row. The story focuses on Jonathon the seagull’s passion for flying and his belief that there is more to life than scavenging for food. Bach explores the idea that there is more to this life than what meets the eye and the extreme satisfaction you receive when doing something you are great at and have a passion for. 2. The setting of this story takes place on some sea shore where thousands of seagulls live. The sea shore setting described in the book really helps to paint a picture of what Jonathon and this flock of seagulls experienced daily, â€Å"It was morning, and the new sun sparkled gold across the ripples of a gentle sea.†(Bach pg 3) 3. Jonathon Livingston Seagull is the protagonist in this story with his strong drive and persistence to be different from the flock and to be his own seagull. The antagonists in the story are the Elders of the flocks of seagulls because they are very closed mined leaders and they force Jonathon and other seagulls to be outcast from society and ban them to a life of isolation and despair. Chiang was an Elder Gull that taught Jonathon very specialized flying techniques and improved his skills and taught him things about life. When Jonathon was outcast from the gull community everyone in the community thought that Jonathon was a reckless and irresponsible seagull, so when Jonathon finally returned to the community and everyone saw how amazing his flying skills were they changed their minds and many of them asked to be taught by Jonathon himself which was breaking the gull community law, This is an example of foil characters. â€Å"His thought was triumph. Terminal velocity! A seagull at two hundred and fourteen miles per hours! It was a breakthrough, the greatest single moment in the history of the flock, and in that moment a new age opened for Jonathon Gull.† (pg 16-17) 4. The plot of this story is a traditional plot type. The story ends with the last words of his Jonathon’s teacher, Keep working on love. Through his teachings, Jonathan understands that the spirit cannot be really free without the ability to forgive, and that the way to progress leads for him, at least through becoming a teacher, not just through working hard as a student. So, if any seagull believes that it is free to do what it wants to, it becomes Jonathan the seagull, for whom, possibilities were endless. Every law is an illusion. Once we become conscious of this, our existence gets a new meaning. a. The biggest conflict was Jonathon going against the norm of the seagull community and ultimately getting expelled from the community for his irresponsible acts. â€Å"For his reckless irresponsibility†, â€Å"Violating the dignity and tradition of the Gull family.† (pg 24) b. The situation at the end where Jonathon returned to the breakfast seagull flock was sig nificant because it demonstrated forgiveness and compassion. These gulls hated Jonathon and wanted nothing to do with him and yet he still had the courage to forgive them and even teach them how to fly like he does. â€Å"You have to practice to see the real gull, the good in every one of them, and help them to see it in themselves.†(pg 89) 5. -This book was definitely one of the more inspiring books that made me think out of the box that I have read in quite some time. For example, I really liked one of the messages that implied that if you want to have a fulfilling happy meaningful life you need to stop following the crowd and make your own path even if there are consequences. If you find something that you are good at and enjoy doing stick with it and master it and watch how it will shape you life. -This story uplifted my spirits and motivated my behavior change in several ways. For example, Jonathon Livingston Seagull is a great example to me because not only does he go against the norm and try to learn everything about his passion in life, he also learns forgiveness and compassion for the other seagulls of the community and wants to teach them how to live a wonderful life. I have noticed in my life that I am most happy when I have found something that I love to do and also when I am helping others find that same thing or serving them in some manner and I think Jonathon mastered this aspect of true charity. â€Å"You have to practice to see the real gull, the good in every one of them, and help them to see it in themselves.†(pg 89) 6. In conclusions the book had both strong and weak contributing factors. The strong factors were that it had a very unique, interesting story line that kept the reader interested enough to keep reading. Bach also used implied messages of inspiration and important values in this life which in my opinion was very cool and had a strong plot. Some of the weak factors were that the book almost needed to be read straight through in one sitting to really get the message and make sense. It was not very challenging to read which could be good and bad. The setting was not very descriptive, it basically just took place either in the air or on the sea shore. I think the proper age group for this book would be late high school students and college students and even young adults. Richard Bach impacted me by creating a plot and story line that delivers a messages that anything is possible in life as long as you want it enough and practice at it thus, I am now interested in making some changes in my life. Works Cited Back, Richard. Jonathon Livingston Seagull. New York: Scribner, 1970.

The Role of Forensic Accountants Essay Example for Free

The Role of Forensic Accountants Essay PROBLEM STATEMENT In recent times, the world has witnessed the failure of large corporate organizations which has been attributed to large scale fraud by Directors in connivance with auditors. There is the case of Enro in the U.S, Parmalat in Italy and many cases in the U.K such as Polly Peek, Maxwell communications and BCCI. This development brought about in its wake the lack of public confidence in audit reports and auditing. By this many stakeholders seek redress in the court of law. In the court of law, the service of an expert witness is required in order to ascertain the true state of affair of the troubled enterprise. PURPOSE OF STUDY To examine a forensic Accountant as an expert witness in litigation and to effectively determine his role in judicial process BACKGROUND STUDY Forensic accounting is hardly a new field, but in recent years, banks, insurance companies and even police agencies have increased the use of these experts. A nationwide study conducted by Kessler International (a forensic accounting and investigative firm) showed that 39% of organizations have considered the need for a forensic accountant. The study intends to find out  how the knowledge of forensic accounting can reduce corporate fraud, mismanagement and seeking redress in the court of law. INTRODUCTION What is forensic Accounting? Forensic accounting is the practice of utilizing accounting, auditing and investigative skill to assist in legal matter and the application of specialized body of knowledge to the evidence of economic transaction and reporting suitable for the purpose of establishing accountability or valuation of administrative proceeding. In wide sense, it can be said as the integrity of accounting, auditing and investigative skill to abstain a particular result. Journal of college Teaching and Learning (2007). Vol 4, Number 9; states Forensic accounting as accounting analysis that can uncover possible fraud that is suitable for presentation in court. Such analysis will form the basis for discussion, debate and dispute resolution In my view, forensic accounting is that aspect of accounting that provides an accounting analysis that is suitable to the organization in resolving disputes that arises in the organization. Forensic accountants utilize accounting, auditing and investigative skills while conducting an investigation. These accountants are trained to look into the dispute in a number of ways. They often retain to analyze, interpret, summarize and present a complex manner which is understandable and probably supported. Also, they are often involved in various activities such as investigating and analyzing financial evidence, developing computerized application, exhibiting documents and presenting the evidence obtained. This new and ground – breaking accounting has two main areas which are: a. Litigation support and investigation b. Dispute resolution. Role of Forensic Accountants in Judicial Process A Forensic accountant is involved in the collection of document, investigating, analyzing and development of computerized application to assist in the analysis and presentation of financial evidence, communicating their findings in the form of reports, exhibits, including testifying in court as expert witness and preparing visual aids to support trial evidence. Thus, the role a forensic accountant can be said to include the following: a. Giving preliminary advice as an initial appraisal of the pleading and evidence available at the start of proceedings b. Identifying the key documents which should be made available as evidence, this is important when the forensic accountant is acting for the defense and lawyers are preparing lists of document to tender in court. c. Preparing a detailed balanced report on quantum of evidence, writing in a language readily understood by a non-accountant and dealing with all issue, irrespective of whether or not they are favourable to the client d. Briefing legal counsels on the financial and accounting aspects of the case during pre-trial preparation e. Initiate measure for introduction of environment accounting to highlight the damage done to the environment by the possible recoupment of such damages or replenishment of lost properties through environmental management continually. CONCLUSION The expert witness testimony of the forensic accountant has forced businesses to restructure, and millions of naira, dollars to be paid in damages; people have on occasions even gone to jail. The practical and in-depth analysis that a forensic accountant brings to a case helps to uncover underlying problems in business. Forensic accountants are currently in great demand, with the public quest for honesty, fairness and transparency in reporting increasing exponentially. Whatever the reasoning may be more and more forensic accountants are being called upon to use their investigative skills to seek out irregularities in their companies’ financial statements. References 1. Aderibigbe, P. (2000): The Role of forensic chartered Accountant in Nigeria. July, 2000. 2. Crumbley H. (2003): Forensic and Investigative Accounting; CCH Publishing 3. Financial Restatements, General Accounting Office Report, 2002 4. Kessler International study; (2002) Forensic accountants needed as economy worsens. Press release 5. Oremade, T. (1988): Auditing and Investigations, Lagos; West Africa Books Publishers Limited.

The Electrostatic Energy Harvesting Engineering Essay

The Electrostatic Energy Harvesting Engineering Essay this paper presents a general idea of the electrostatic energy harvesting devices. Their working principle, harvesting method and basic designs will be expounded. And another two new approaches, 2D energy harvester and non-resonant energy harvester with rolling mass will be shown. The 2D energy harvester can harvest energy in arbitrary directions in a plane. And non-resonant energy harvester with rolling mass shows its low frequency capability. It can harvest 0.5 Â µW at 10Hz. Further improvement of this design may applied to energy harvesting from human body motion. Introduction Generally, batteries are the most reliable power source for electronic devices. It is powerful, easy to use. However, it can only provide constant power for a limited period. After that, the batteries have to be changed. Therefore, for those devices that have large amount of number or in inaccessible position. Batteries are not suitable for them. Energy harvesting devices are one of the attractive options of these applications. Energy harvesters can harvest energy from different ambient sources such as solar, thermal and vibration. In these cases, solar is not a reliable source, temperature gradients are modest, vibration seems the more abundant, stable and predictable choices. Currently, three major methods apply to vibration energy harvesting, electromagnetic, electrostatic and piezoelectric mechanisms. Each technique has its own advantages. Lot of articles did research and provided good conclusion on them. [1-3] Electrostatic energy harvesting device has the lowest energy harvesting capabilities in these three mechanisms, but it has the most specific advantages. It facilitates CMOS integration [4]. That means it can realize self-power integrated circuits as an on-chip power source. It also environment protects. Unlike piezoelectric and electromagnetic counterparts that require exotic materials. Electrostatic devices are mainly made of silicon.[5] This paper will focus on the current electrostatic harvesting research. Its working principle and harvesting processes will be discussed in the first part. Some new approaches will also be presented. electrostatic harvesting Operating Principle The electrostatic harvesters harness the work done against the electrostatic force of a variable capacitor. In other words, the vibrations cause the gap distance or overlap area of a parallel plate capacitor to vary under constant charge or voltage condition. This causes the capacitance change of parallel plate capacitor and produces electrical energy. The fundamental definition is given by the formula below. C=Q/V (1) Where C is capacitance of variable capacitor in farads, Q is the charge on the plate in coulombs and V is the voltage on the plates in volts C=ÃŽ µ (A/d) (2) Where A is the overlap area of the plates in and d is the distance between the plates in m. This equation shows the capacitance is proportional to A and inverse proportional to d. (3) E is the work done in joules. If the charge Q is held constant, then V will vary as C changes because of their inverse proportional relationship. Then from, the relation between voltage and capacitor energy is squared rather than linear. As a result, the work done will increase as the C decrease. That provides the harvested energy. Similar thing happens when the voltage V is held constant and Q varies. [1] They are known as the voltage-constrained method and charge-constrained method. [6] In the recent applications, the charge-constrained method is more popular over the voltage-constrained method as the voltage-constrained method requires an extra charge reservoir to keep the voltage in a constant value, while the charge-constrained method only requires one. [4] For charge constrained system, as shown in Figure 1 the energy conversion cycle starts as the variable capacitance reaches it maximum Cmax. The charging process is represented by the path from point A to Point B in figure 1. At point B, the energy stored can be shown as, (4) From point B to point C, an external charge reservoir is connected in order to keep the charge constant. The capacitance is starting decreasing as the overlap area A decreases or the distance between the plates d increases. The voltage is inverse proportional to the capacitance which is why the voltage increases in this period. This period is the actual mechanical to electrical conversion period. The energy stored at point C is now, (5) The path from point C to point A is the discharging of the charge on the variable capacitor back into the charge reservoir The whole process forms a proper energy conversion cycle. And the amount of energy gain is, (6) Usually there is a parallel capacitor is connected parallel with the variable capacitor in order to limit the maximum voltage that might damage the system during the harvesting. Then the energy equation is becoming, (7) Figure 1. Charge-constrained energy conversion cycle. B. Steps of energy harvesting The vibration cycle in an electrostatic energy harvester has three steps, pre-charge, harvest and reset. Figure 2. Figure 2. vibration cycle of electrostatic harvester. In the system, the variable capacitor is pre-charged to the battery voltage, and then the capacitor is connected to the battery. The circuit has no current flow at first since the capacitor and battery have same voltage level. But with the separation of the capacitor plates or the decreases of overlap area, the voltage increases with the decrease of capacitance. Charge therefore flows into the batteries and energy is harvested. When the capacitance reaches minimum value, the energy left in the capacitor will be driven back to the batteries and ready for the next cycle. C. Basic Designs These three mechanisms in the figure 3 are the three basic design structures of the electrostatic harvesters, in-plane overlap converter, in-plane gap-closing converter and out-of-plane gap-closing converter. The in-plane overlap converter varies its capacitance by changing the overlap area between comb fingers; the in-plane gap-closing converter varies its capacitance by change the displacement between comb fingers and the out-of-plane gap closing converter varies its capacitance by change the gap between the centre proof mass and two electrode plates. The most of the current designs of electrostatic harvesters are based on these three basic designs. Figure 3. (a) in-plane overlap converter. (b) in-plane gap-closing converter. (c) out-of-plane gap closing converter. D. Comparison in these three designs Ye Mei Lim[8] did a study on the output energy for these three designs. Firstly the in-plane overlap and in-plane gap closing converters were compared. The Cmax for the one set of comb fingers were 0.122pF and the Cmin can be treat as zero since the application of silicon nitride dielectric coating which is a very thin layer of chemical (up to 0.1Â µm) that can electrically isolate the electrodes even the plates contacts with each other[4]. While using the same set of comb fingers, the Cmax were 0.149nF and Cmin were 0.122pF. By applying equation (7), the in-plane overlap converter harvests 1000 times less than in-plane gap closing converter. Then with the simulation of both in-plane gap closing converter and out-of-plane gap closing converter. The results were found out that the in-plane gap closing mechanism is approximately 1.8 times that of the out-of-plane gap closing mechanism for load volumes between 5 and 50. NEW APPRAOCHES A. 2D Electrostatic Harvester Most of the past electrostatic harvesters are only one degree of freedom. They can only harvest energy via one direction of motion. Y. Zhu fabricates a 2 degree of freedom electrostatic transducer for energy harvesting with resonance frequencies of 38520 Hz and 38725 Hz. It can scavenge energy in arbitrary directions in a plane with two resonance frequency peaks. Also an ultrasound-based method for powering the device is presented. Y. Zhus design includes a 2 degree of freedom motion mechanism. The seismic mass is coupled with both frames as shown in figure 3 with elastic flexures. This design makes the device be able to detect both movements in X and Y frames and also decouples the X and Y movements of the mass. Figure 4. Two degree of freedom motion mechanism to harvest any direction in-plane vibration energy Figure 5 shows the SEM image of the 2-DOF electrostatic transducer. And table I are the key parameters of this design. The width difference of X frame and Y frame gives the transducer two different resonance frequencies. The primary resonance frequency at 39238 Hz and second at 39266 Hz. That gives a 302 Hz of -10dB bandwidth. It is twice of the 1D resonator. This device can obtain 10mV through a 1M ohm resistive load and harvest 0.1 nW power. Since this transducer can be power by an ultrasonic generator of frequency close to its resonance frequency. Since the ultrasonic is relatively safer than other power sources. This design may be useful for functions in medical environment. Figure 5. SEM image of the 2-DOF electrostatic transducer. Table 1. key parameter of the 2-DOF energy harvester B. Non-Resonant electrostatic harvester with rolling mass M.E.Kiziroglous design [10-11] focuses on maximizing the proof mass. In this design, an external free rolling proof mass is introduced. The mechanical energy is proportional to the proof mass, bigger mass generates more energy. This design is a non-resonant device. This property gives it wider applications. Figure 6. (a) Device structure. (b) Equivalent circuit of the device The Device structure is shown in figure 6(a). Figure (b) is the equivalent circuit of the device. The stainless steel rod acts as the contact switches and comb finger. When the steel rod is aligned with one of the strip electrodes, it connects with a Cu input Contacts to pre-charge the rod. That generates an electrostatic force between the rod and the strip electrode. That pulls the rod away from the strip electrode and reduces the capacitance at constant charge. The rod then disconnects with the input contact and makes the contact with a discharge electrode. The energy will be transferred as a high voltage pulse. The test of the current prototype of this device reveals a capacitance ratio of 4 and demonstrates a voltage gain of 2.4. Later Kiziroglou provides an advanced design of that [12]. This time the glass substrate is form in a cylindrical shape. Figure 7 is fabrication and optical images of the device. The first prototype is characterised with plate size 1 x 10 mm and SiO2 dielectric thickness of 50 nm. A 10 mm-long, 2.5 mm-diameter steel rod was used. A minimum capacitance of 2 pF and a maximum of 9 pF are observed. The voltage gain is 3 corresponds to a priming voltage 30V. The power generation is 0.5Â µW when the rod oscillation frequency at 10 Hz. The biggest advantage of this device is the capability of low frequency. That makes the human body motion as a suitable motion sources for it. Figure 7. Fabrication and optical images conclusion The focus of this paper is to present the general idea current achievement of electrostatic energy harvesting. And it gives a related reference for the group project. For most of the electrostatic harvester designs, a relatively high resonant frequency comparing with human body motion is need. However, the low frequency capability of the non-resonant energy harvester with rolling mass shows the possibility of the application of this technology in the projects. Additionally, most of the current devices only have one degree of freedom. The 2D energy harvester design can harvest arbitrary directions motion in a plane, which sufficiently increases the power output of device. However, it needs a high frequency. That makes it not suitable for the requirement of the project.

Arbitration Clauses and Litigation :: Business Law Essays

Arbitration Clauses and Litigation More and more companies are including arbitrational clauses in their contracts. Whether it is in an employee application or an online selling website, arbitrational clauses are becoming abundant. But do these clauses hold up in the legal system? In the recent Paypal Corporation case, the arbitration clause was not enforced due to miniscule details such as clicking a mouse. The overruling of these clauses is becoming the norm as people are beginning to realize what they have gotten themselves into. The same type of arbitrational clause dispute as the Paypal Corporation occurred in the case of BellSouth Mobility LLC v. Christopher. BellSouth institutionalized an arbitrational clause in its service agreement that states that â€Å"instead of suing in court, company and customer agree to arbitrate any and all dispute†. In the event that the disagreement goes through arbitration, the arbitrator can not give punitive damages to the plaintiff as well as only receive a limited amount of recovery money. When Christopher brought the case before an appellate court, the court sided in his favor claiming that the contract was â€Å"substantively unconscionable† due to the fact that BellSouth still had the right to bring Christopher to court over different legal matters, giving them an â€Å"unfair advantage.† The case continued to go to trial court to see if the contract was â€Å"procedurally unconscionable† because of the small print of the arb itrational clause. Because Christopher was not fully forewarned about the arbitrational clause, and the fact that BellSouth took advantage of a client, BellSouth was found guilty (Hackbarth). A similar situation occurs in the case of Toppings v. Meritech Mortgage Services (MMS). An elderly couple, Margaret and Roger Toppings received a loan from Meritech Mortgage Services for thirty-seven thousand dollars with a monthly payment plan which would last for fifteen years, along with thirty-six thousand dollars in interest. Before signing the loan, the couple asked for the document to be explained. At the time, the MMS lawyer was not coherent with the document but told the couple to read it at home after signing the document. Upon reading the contract, the Toppings came across the amount to be repaid in interest and tried to bring MSS to court for trying to take advantage of the elderly.

Job Order Costing :: essays research papers

Process costing is used for homogenous products (continuous flow processes such as producing cans of soda). Job-order costing is used in situations where the organization offers many different products or services, such as in furniture manufacturing, hospitals, and legal firms. Process costing is used where units of product are homogeneous, such as in flour milling or cement production. The purpose of a job order cost accounting system is to assign and accumulate costs for each job, i.e., an order, a contract, a unit of production, or a batch. Job order costing should be used if the production or service is being performed to meet customer specifications or requirements, if different components are made for inventory, or projects are undertaken to construct real property. Job order costing allows more control, less estimation, and more direct and reliable allocation of costs. . Differences between job-order and process costing. The differences between job-order and process costing occur because the flow of units in a process costing system is more or less continuous and the units are essentially indistinguishable from one another. Under process costing: a. A single homogenous product is produced on a continuous basis over a long period of time. This differs from job-order costing in which many different products may be produced in a single period. b. Total costs are accumulated by department, rather than by individual job. c. The department production report is the key document showing the accumulation and disposition of cost, rather than the job-cost sheet. B. Overview of Process Costing. Manufacturing costs are accumulated in processing departments in a process costing system. A processing department is any location in the organization where work is performed on a product and where materials, labor, and overhead costs are added to the product. Processing departments should also have two other features. First, the activity performed in the processing department should be essentially the same for all units that pass through the department.

Connecting to the Web :: Internet Cyberspace Essays

Connecting to the Web The article Strike up the Bandwidth taken out of Computer User is about the way people can connect to the Internet. Bandwidth is a small wire where the connection goes through. For example, when I go on my computer at home, and go onto the Internet it is very slow and takes a while to get connected. Our bandwidth is a very small wire which takes the connection a while to travel from the wire to the computer modem. The article gives you four suggestions how to connect to the Internet at home or at a small or medium size business. The suggested ways are direct-dial-up, ISDN (integrated services digital network), DSL (digital subscriber line), and cable modems. The article also gives the prices of each way to connect to the Internet and how much money the connection would cost to run on a monthly basis. This article explains the drawbacks and advantages to each way to connect to the Internet. Businesses have plenty of options when it comes to connecting to the Internet especially a smal l business. Direct-dial up connection is the oldest way to connect to the Internet. With this connection a business can surf the web and send and receive e-mails. The way they will be charged when using the direct dial-up connection is how many times per month the business connects to the Internet along with actual time spent on the Internet. When using, there are two main disadvantages if businesses are considering using this connection. For one, the more people on the Internet the more trouble they will have trying to connect. The article suggests that the business should purchase more modems if your business is planning to use the Internet a lot. The second disadvantage is that the best speed a computer can possibly get from the direct-dial up connection is 56Kbps. This is fine if they are only going to be using the e-mail feature of the Internet but 56Kbps is quite slow if the business is planning to surf the Web a lot. Another way to connect to the Internet is by ISDN (integrated services digital network). ISDN is a telephone line, which the business still has to dial their ISP (Internet service provider) when connecting to the Internet. ISDN is offered at 68Kbps and 128Kbps. This feature is good if the business is going to surf the Web.

Managing AIDS

Introduction In the situation with Frank Deloisio, a middle manager who had AIDS, Jean Langone Smith had one of the greatest tests of her career. She was encountered a case of the type which so many managers can come across, as one in every 250 Americans has been diagnosed with the plague of the twentieth century, yet the situation is so delicate that few books can help a person in managing position to sort out the ethical issues that relate to it. Managing AIDS: Issues To Confront In a sense, managing a person diagnosed with AIDS is similar to managing any other person who has been diagnosed with a different terminal illness like cancer or tuberculosis in the final stages. However, AIDS is a special social phenomenon due to the stigma associated with this contagious disease. It has come to symbolize the bohemian lifestyle of the homosexuals and prostitutes, and many people feel that a person is to blame for having incurred such a condition. Besides, despite the medical professionals’ assurances, there are still fears that a person with this condition may infect somebody in the environment, which makes the removal of such a person from the group desirable for some. One more issue that was associated with AIDS in Frank’s case was his frequent absences. He in some ways had to use Jean and others to be able to pay for his disease. The employees at DEC had to put in extra time and carry the extra workload to compensate for his frequent treatments. Besides, people were not even informed about the reason of his absences, and thus had a reason to believe that he was merely using them to take time off work to attend to his personal matters. Utilitarian Perspective If Jean had viewed the happenings from a utilitarian perspective, she would merely be concerned with the consequences of her decisions, and in evaluating those consequences, her primary focus would be the amount of happiness or unhappiness of the people that would result from it. Thus, dismissal of Frank Deloisio seems a plausible option. If he had been fired for his illness, the company would have to replace him with a different person who would most likely be able to handle the responsibilities, devoting more time to them. Then all the employees would be happy, as they would be relieved of their extra responsibility. As for Frank, he would be less important, as his troubles are those of a single person. Deontological Perspective From a deontological view, it is necessary to do what is right regardless of the consequences. The view taken and the practical steps depend on the stance adopted towards what is right or wrong. Thus, if the right thing is standing by the sick person, then the right thing is to help Frank in his predicament, sharing his responsibilities. One could say that a sick person is not able to care for oneself, and thus it is correct from the ethical standpoint to share the benefits available to other people to help the sick one. On the other hand, if one adopts the view that the ultimate good is efficiency, then Frank’s dismissal is a viable option as he is clearly in the way of the company’s success. His replacement with a different person would contribute to the efficient functioning of the company as a whole. Fairness to AIDS-Infected Person Fairness means dealing with people honestly and in accordance with principles. In this sense, the manager’s obligation consists in dealing with employees fairly, without bias or prejudice. Thus, a person suffering from AIDS should be dealt with in the same manner as any other person who is suffering from a serious health disorder. This also means that the manager should induce all the employees to treat the one infected with AIDS in the same manner. Thinking about Rights Maintaining the rights of a person requires the adherence to a certain set of principles. For instance, the sick person has the right to confidentiality, and this is what Jean has been trying to do for Frank. Besides, Frank was also entitled to company’s medical insurance, and the full coverage of the costs associated with his illness. Regarding a case from this perspective involves the maintenance of a number of basic principles, but there is always the danger that something might fall through the cracks. For instance, if the person is not entitled to a change in job responsibilities, this will not be pursued by the manager as it is not part of the sick employee’s specified rights. How Jean Did Jean, although unprepared to deal with a situation like that, lived up to the challenge of solving organizational problems in her department. She was not reached by the AIDS programs to the extent that she could derive her knowledge of what she could do from that source, and thus she was acting based on her own ethical judgement. Jean went far beyond what was necessary according to the formalities at the company. She assisted Frank in adjusting his responsibilities to suit his current health conditions, and even had an idea to coin a new position designed for him where he could emphasize his technical skills, without putting pressure on him that he could not handle. When his health deteriorated, she relaxed his responsibilities even further. This raised her authority with the personnel, allowing people at the company to see that she was ready to go beyond what was prescribed by the rules to accommodate her employees. In a way, her own ethical perspective was changed: if previously she looked at the people as professionals, restricting her relationship with them as a purely business one, now she could show that she was ready to see them as unique individuals that are important not only as cogs in the machine. Perhaps the clear-cut nature of the case that involved helping a sick person helped Jean to make a leap from a strict and formal manager to a life-and-blood personality. If Jean had been confronted with a more ethically ambiguous case like accommodating the frustration of person in the middle of a divorce, she would be more tempted to think along the lines, â€Å"They have to cope with their problems on their own†. Facing a situation of someone hopelessly ill changed her behaviour and views. Conclusion Jean did well as she preserved the rights of a sick person, acted fairly, and was good at maintaining the basic principle of helping a sick person. Jean’s actions were also right from the utilitarian perspective in a sense. Supporting an employee in need helped her to uphold her image in the eyes of others, as well as the image of the company. The employees at DEC were able to draw the conclusion that if they fall ill with AIDS, they can probably expect the same sensitive and insightful treatment. This idea is going to boost their morale in the long run, and increase their loyalty for the company. The case made headlines, which is going to serve as positive publicity for DEC, elevating the corporate image. It is perhaps unfair to suspect Jean of such a motivation being her primary driver, but this serves to show that her actions gain support from both deontological and utilitarian perspective.

Computer Engineering Pdf

hit the books mean know of Science in information processing system engineering and Networks (Thesis Track) I. General Rules and Conditions 1. This plan conforms to the regulations of the ecumenic ramble of programs of graduate studies at the University of Jordan. 2. Candidates for door in this program are holders of the Bachelors layer in the following modifiedties a) calculator dealing pattern b) galvanising applied science c) Networks engineering science d) communicatings Engineering e) Electronics Engineering f) Bachelor of Mechatronics II. particular(a) Conditions zero(prenominal)e.III. The Study Plan Studying (33) credence hours as follows 1. Obligatory consorts listed in defer 1 (15) realisation Hours. way of life No. 0903720 0903723 0907721 0907731 0907741 Course human activity Random answeres Variables and stochastic acknowledgment hrs. 3 3 3 3 3 Prerequisite 0903720 0907721 outline of communication opening Networks Network Systems initiation pass on figurer Architecture Distributed Systems 2. Elective courses selected from the list shown in Table 2 (9) credit Hours. reference Course No. Course patronage Pre-requisite hrs. 903721 0903725 0903728 0903730 0907702 0907722 0907723 0907732 0907733 0907779 Digital communication theory I receiving set communicating Systems selective information Communication Systems multimedia Streaming information processing system Performance rating Networks and Systems certification radio set Networks Advanced introduce Systems Parallel Processors 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0903720 0907721 spare Topics in estimator Engineering and 3 Networks 3. know Thesis, 0907799 (9) Credit Hours. 1 Study Plan Masters of Science in computing device Engineering and Networks (Non-Thesis Track) I. General Rules and Conditions 1.This plan conforms to the regulations of the general frame of programs of graduate studies at the University of Jordan. 2. Candidates for admission in this program are holders o f the Bachelors degree in the following specialties a) calculating machine Engineering b) Electrical Engineering c) Networks Engineering d) Communications Engineering e) Electronics Engineering f) Bachelor of Mechatronics II. Special Conditions None. III. The Study Plan Studying (33) credit hours as follows 1. Obligatory courses listed in Table 3 (24) Credit Hours.Course No. 0903720 0903723 0903725 0907721 0907722 0907723 0907731 0907741 Course Title Random Processes Variables and stochastic Credit hrs. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Prerequisite 0903720 0903720 0907721 0907721 Analysis of Communications Networks radio receiver Communication Systems Network Systems Design Networks and Systems trade protection Wireless Networks Advanced Computer Architecture Distributed Systems 2. Elective courses selected from the list shown in Table 4 (9) Credit Hours. Credit Course No. Course Title Pre-requisite hrs. 903721 0903728 0903730 0907702 0907732 0907733 Digital Communications I entropy Communication Systems Multimedia Streaming Computer Performance Evaluation Advanced enter Systems Parallel Processors 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 0907779 Special Topics in Computer Engineering and 3 Networks 3. The Comprehensive Exam (0907798). 3 Masters of Science in Computer Engineering and Networks Course Descriptions 0903720 Random Variables and random Processes (3 Credit Hours) Probability and haphazard variables. diffusion and density functions. Functions of random variables. Two random variables and sequences of random variables.Multidimensional random variables. Stochastic Processes. Markov chains. unearthly representation of stochastic processes. Spectral estimation. Project. Digital Communications I (3 Credit Hours) Introduction to Communication Systems. Baseband and Bandpass digital conversion techniques Line Codes, ASK, FSK, PSK, DPSK, QAM. Performance measures superpower, bandwidth, bit mistake rate. Carrier and symbol synchronization. Signal externalize for band-limited billets. Sign al design for fading channels. Project. Analysis of communication Networks (3 Credit Hours) Pre-requisite 0903720 Introduction to queuing theory and traffic engineering.Markov chains, steady-state and balance equations. Continuous and clear-cut arrival models. Basic queuing systems. Erlang formulas. acts to telephony systems and aata profitss, doing parameters (blocking probability, delay, throughput and reliability). Systems with vacations, priority systems, polling and reservation systems. Network simulation. Project. Wireless Communication Systems (3 Credit Hours) Review of nonuple Access Techniques TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, OFDMA. Design of wireless communication systems modulation, propagation, channel estimation, equalization and coding.Cellular systems (GSM/3G/4G), contemporary and Asynchronous CDMA and code synchronization. CDMA performance and multi-user tour of duty cancellation. Satellite communication systems. Indoor communication systems, wireless LANs and wireless proto cols. data Communication Systems (3 Credit Hours) Introduction to communication and reverse nets. Asynchronous and synchronous transmission, SDH/SONET. Design and supply of telephony systems. Broadband access technologies. profitsworking and the net income Protocol (IP), routing in IP. Quality of serve up (QOS).Voice over IP (VoIP). audio frequency and video streaming. IP interlocking planning. desegregation of data and cellular/wireless networks. warrantor issues. Project. (3 Credit Hours) Information Measures. Audio characterization Data Compression. Performance of Compression Techniques and reckon Distortion Function. Mathematical Introduction to yield Theory. Cyclic, BCH and CRC Codes. Convolutional and Turbo Codes. LDBC Codes. Performance of Error Correcting Codes. Packet Data Transmission and Formatting for Audio and delineation Data. Multimedia Streaming 0903721 0903723 0903725 0903728 0903730 4 0907702Computer Performance Evaluation (3 Credit Hours) Issues in P erformance Evaluation and Benchmarking. Measurement Tools and techniques, tactile sensation Driven and Execution Driven Simulation. excerpt of metrics. Benchmarks. Statistical techniques for Performance Evaluation. Trace contemporaries and Validation, Synthetic Traces, Verification of Simulators. Design of Experiments. analytical Modeling of Processors, Statistical modeling, Hybrid Techniques. Application of queuing theory, Markov models and probabilistic models for computer system military rating. work load Characterization.Network Systems Design (3 Credit Hours) This course gives a broad view of the accredited state of computer networking research. Topics include Internet architecture Internet routing the Border door Protocol (BGP), routing characterization, routing security, Internet AS relationships, traffic engineering, end host congestion overtop quality-of-service, network security intrusion espial systems, worms, and honeypots mobile and wireless networking colleagu e to peer and overlay networking content distribution networks sensing element networks critical network infrastructure run Domain Name Server (DNS), position servers, etc. network measurement standoffishness estimation, bandwidth measurement, trouble shooting tools network management. Networks and Systems Security (3 Credit Hours) Pre-requisite 0903720 Review of Computer Networks. offspring Theory and Field Arithmetic. Sources of Network Threats. Data Encryption Cryptography and Ciphering. Risk Management. depict Management. Protocols and Algorithms of Security Systems. Email and Web Security and Firewalls. Performance Evaluation of Security Systems.Wireless Networks (3 Credit Hours) Pre-requisite 0907721 Introduction to wireless networks sensual layer, MAC and IEEE 802. 11, HIPERLAN, Bluetooth, channel assignment and channel hopping, power control and rate control, multi-radio, network layer, mobile IP, and naming, routing in mobile networks, transpose protocol in wireless networks types of wireless networks wireless mesh networks, sensor networks, cellular networks, delay tolerant networks, RFID and WiMax wireless network management and security localization, network function studies, network diagnosis, network security.Advanced Computer Architecture (3 Credit Hours) Subjects in scientific methodologies, review of computer design principles, central processor design, RISC processors, pipelining, and computer fund hierarchy. Instruction take parallelism (ILP), dynamic scheduling, multiple issue, unfit execution, and branch prediction. Limits on ILP and packet system approaches to endeavor more ILP. VLIW and EPIC approaches. Thread-level parallelism, multiprocessors, chip multiprocessors, and multi-threading. pile up coherence and memory consistency.Advanced memory hierarchy design, cache and memory optimizations, and memory technologies. Advanced topics in storage systems. scheming and 5 0907721 0907722 0907723 0907731 evaluating I/O system s. 0907732 Advanced Embedded Systems (3 Credit Hours) System specifications. Requirements and models of count including State Charts, SDL, Petri nets, nub Sequence Charts, UML. Process networks, Java, VHDL. SystemC, Verilog and System Verilog, and SpecC. Embedded system computer hardware, I/O, communications, processing units, memories.Embedded operating systems, middleware, and scheduling. anticipation of execution times. Scheduling in real-time systems. Embedded operating systems. Implementing embedded systems hardware/software codesign. Task-level concurrency management. High-level optimizations. Hardware/software partitioning. Compilers for embedded systems. Voltage scaling and power management. Actual design flows and tools. Validation. Simulation. Rapid prototyping and emulation. Test. spot simulation. Fault injection. Risk and dependability analysis. statuesque verification.Parallel Processors (3 Credit Hours) In-depth study of the design, engineering, and evaluation of modern parallel computers. Fundamental design naming, synchronization, latency, and bandwidth. Architectural evolution and technological driveway forces. Parallel computer programming models, communication primitives, programming and compilation techniques, multiprogramming workloads and methodology for quantitative evaluation. Latency avoidance through buffet in small-scale and large-scale share memory designs cache-coherency, protocols, directories, and memory consistency models.Message passing protocols, storage management, and deadlock. Efficient network interface, protection, events, active messages, and coprocessors in largescale designs. Latency valuation reserve through prefetching, multithreading, dynamic instruction scheduling, and software techniques. Network design topology, packaging, k-ary n-cubes, performance on a lower floor contention. Synchronization global operations, mutual exclusion, and events. ersatz architectures dataflow, SIMD, systolic arrays. Distri buted Systems (3 Credit Hours) Pre-requisite 0907721 Introduction to Distributed Systems.Distributed run Systems. Processes and Inter-process Communication (IPC). Distributed File Systems. Remote use Calls (RPC). Security Models. Distributed Architectures and Technologies. Middleware. Object Based Distributed Systems. messaging and Message Oriented Systems. Agent-Based Systems. Distributed Application Project. Special Topics in Computer Eng. and Networks (3 Credit Hours) 0907733 0907741 0907779 Topics of special interest in current computer engineering and networks issues. The course description is qualify by the department at all(prenominal) course offering. 6

Challenges of Youths in Our Contemporary World

Youth confront preparedness matter.ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN THE KINGDOM OF GOD The youth has great strength, vigour, good health etc. These features should be channeled towards the propagation of the gospel. Let the children come to me, do not hinder them, for such belongs the kingdom of God (Lk. 18:16).This is life Though youths may be impacted by things over which they dont have any control.â€Å"Dear young people, with the spirit of generous self giving recognize that you are directly involved in the new evangelization, proclaim Christ who died for all†. Where are our Youths today? Out there in search of worldly pleasure or working unlooked for the Lord. (Ref. to the past).

Most youth do not have any idea of what the future holds for them.Joseph had an sexual encounter with God. He reverenced God. The fear of God was in his heart. Portipher’s household prospered because of the presence of Joseph.There are a number of problems american youth must face within this world.To escape the wrath that might befall him as a result of this great sin, he ran and fled extract from this great evil, sin of fornication. Godless youth would take advantage of this immoral opportunity and yield to the temptation. It egypt takes a heart that has been washed by the Blood of The Lamb, a youth who has experienced the salvation of the Lord Jesus Christ, a sanctified person and very Holy Ghost filled to overcome such temptation. For the bible says â€Å"for the grace of God that bringeth salvation hath appeared to all men, teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world†.

Contemporary day childhood of India lives in the historys phase.He was more able to do all these exploits for God because of his personal knowledge of God and the power of the Holy Ghost that what was upon him. Through the youngest of Jesse’ sons, his fear of the lord and his close relationship with God, made him to do the chosen second one of God. †Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst of his brothers, and the spirit of the Lord came mighty upon young David from that day forward (1Samuel 16:13). Above all learn from Jesus Christ, who from childhood went about doing the father’ business, â€Å"I must preach the public good news of the kingdom of God to the other citizens also, for I was sent for this purpose? Make yourself available for noble use.Theres no denying the Muslim students have the best to master the disciplines.To them, if the society accept the society’s new directions. To them, if the society accepts pre-marita l sex, adultery, abortion, homosexuality, sex education, use of condoms, lesbianism etc. hey cannot see why the church has to keep calling them sins. The youth sees the youth state as a period of fun and freedom.

com.What a wasted life! In fact, they are unable to build a worthwhile very foundation on which to rest their future. Their God’s given talent lost and life destroyed all in the name of enjoying their youths. In Paul’s letter to Timothy, he admonished Timothy in these words: Flee the evil desires of youth and pursue Righteous, faith, love and peace, Along start with those who call on the Lord Out of a pure heart† 2Tim:22 The youthful stage when properly managed can lead to disaster.All youths should heed to Paul’s admonition to timothy.Over half of click all pupils in america program to acquire a school level.Learn from David and Joseph, the way to upright living. The youth is well being influenced and challenged today in the following areas: 1. INFLUENCE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY Modern technology had led to the invention of personal computer, the satellite, Digital television, the internet, mobile phone (GSM).These devices had in no small measure made th e world a global village.

Problems empty can get stones instead of stumblingblocks.The mobile telephone has made communication easy. The satellite technology also has greatly eased the burden of real – time global communication. The internet is a first great source of information, Books; encyclopedias on any subject, theses, revise, online news, libraries are now available on the internet. Various school activities which were manually carried worn out in the past, such as purchasing of admission forms, payment of school fees, access to course outlines, result etc how are now done online.Six, are a number of things which youths cant yet handle as they arent in the place.Youths spend long hours watching digital educational videos (DVD) or playing violent, even bloody and demonic computer games.Some youths spend hours or the whole night browsing forbidden site on the internet thereby getting exposed to inappropriate materials, such as pornographic and erotica because some youth get initiated into Sa tanism, Spiritism and other esoteric region. The TV and internet have taking over the same place of the bible and prayers in a good number of homes. Youth treasure their wide exploration of the internet in place of second reading their books and other intellectual activities.

Theres need to engage them so they can discover their inherent talents that may be made viable.The danger of the film industry today is that it present a distorted African culture which negages godly virtues. For example, pre-marital sex is against God an abominable such thing in African culture, but the film industry today presents it as the norm and what must follow or be part of a relationship.Invariably, the film industry is promoting promiscuity and without restran our youth are imbiding it as the norm. Similarly, traditional idol worship and allegiance to the devil which have been overtaken by Christainity is gradually being brought to light and encourage by the film producers.Young people arent perfect.NEGLECING OF HARD WORK Many many youths want to go the easy way of life. No work but wants to be rich.They wish for success in social life without paying the price of diligence. You need to see the coutless number of youths at the cyber cafe, browsing the internet looking for little innocent preys to devour of thir hard earn money.

In the same time, children need to see that parents care.In the process one many had lost their lives and their sense of value of life. Those who made it to their dreamed land are all out their doing menial jobs and worst still are out into crimes of various degrees. 5. Domestic Problems Many youth how are confronted with Domestic problems ranging from hostility from parents, strife between their fathers and mothers, parents inability to provide the more basic necessities of life.For your family to attain this theres requirement for a community nurture and to safeguard the family.Praise the Lord! Let us trace our dressing to the Garden of Eden. When Adam and Eve sinned against God, they realized that they are naked. They sewed fig leaves coming together to make themselves aprons (Gen3:7). This covered only a part of their bodies.

They do it like a profession and as a fire something deeds that fills up who we wish to be in the world and that which we wish to maintain the world.Luke’s gospel Chapter 8 ;26-35). The little demon possessed man was naked. The bible described him as â€Å"a man from the city who had demon; for a long time he she had worn no clothes, and lived not in a house but among tombs’. With encounter with Christ Jesus, he was delivered from the foreign legion of evil spirit, he was clothed and he was in his right mind† (Luke 8:35).Their problems, despite the fact arent the same.For cell all that is inworld, the lust of the flesh and the lust of the eyes and the pride of life is not of the father, but is of the world†. I John2:15. Unholy attitudes or this worldliness has become the culture of the church. Some church members tell you what you wear does not matte, after all religion is in the heart.

Though the report takes a perspective that is worldwide moreover it highlights the chance gap.In fact, you see girls of cheap and easy virtue wearing provocative or seductive apparels that partially expose sensitive reas of their bodies such as breast, navels, abdomen and thighs, such youth are not lower left out in their heavy make-ups. Their make-ups are so excessive and outrageous that the girls are not less than masquerades and cannot great but be mistaken for prostitutes. Why would a Christain woman or lady imitate Jezbel? â€Å"When Jehu came to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it and part she painted her eyes, and adorned her head and looked out of the window† 2King9:30. Some ladies dress in such way that they stimulate lustful desires in men.Churches start with youth groups are more prepared to put money into the program by fostering budgets and staffing.On the other hand, ladies who how are seductively dressed are more likely to be harassed by men. In the actual sense, a lady who is immodestly dressed is simply adverstising herself, telling the male folk that she is available. No wonder, today that the rate at which women are raped is exceedingly alarming. The men folk are not left out of this craze unlooked for fashion.

It is so difficult that, if it occurs at all, its going to be wonder.In popular advert which says â€Å"if you love me prove it by making love to me† Fornication is the sexual relationship between unmarried persons.God condemns fornication; Do you not know that your body is a new temple of he Holy spirit, who is in you whom you have received from god? You are not your own, you were received with a price. Therefore, honour god with your body (1cor 6:19-20) Anyone who destroy the temple of the Holy spirit which you are will face wrath of God. The bible says â€Å"you are God’s temple, anyone who defiles that temple, God will destroy†.Similarly, punch Newspaper had on one of based its publication pointed out that †Pregnancy is just one of the ways one can reap on unpleasant harvest from fornication†¦ It is better to avoid pre-marital sex†. 8. Wild Ambition Youths, no doubt are very ambitious.Being ambitious itself should be commended.The bible tells us to flee from all appearance of evil. Whatever you do, do all to the glory of God.Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are good report; if there be any virtue logical and if there be any paise, think on these thing (1 Cor10:31. Phil 4:8) Do not get involved in any activity that is contrary to the tenents of God.

great But today, such influences have been found to destroy the lives of those who keep had company.Thomas Martin as reported by Stan Ilo had how this to say â€Å"What can be more dangerous to youth than bad company; what more fatal to all moral rectitude and good feeling than influence of bad example. Bad company ruins good moral. It will be highly recommended youths can be involved in authentic friendship.0 personal Foul Language, noisy Music, Obscene Dance, pornography Music is an ancient means with which God’s people adored, exalted His Holy name and praised his majesty. This is still God’s expectation from us today. However, Christain music of today has assumed a new dimension from what obtains in the bible. clinical Most Christain music today are emotional, sensual and noisy.11. UNEMPLOYMENT There is a high rate of employment in this country. Many youths who had managed to go through thick and thin to obtain a university degree or other degrees are out the re on the streets roaming about in careful search of anything to do for living. His has been the concern of both youths and their parents.Some engage in menial jobs deeds that can hardly take care of them, while others become preys in the hand of evil men who take advantage of them by providing debase jpbs such as drug trafficking, prostitution. The self employed are faced with problems of generating power for tjose whose jobs require electricity. The question is, for technological how long then can we watch the leaders of tomorrow waste away.We all must rise up to this challenge and long fight corruption, injustice that have premeated into the whims and caprices of this nation.

To every man there is a wife and to every young woman there is a man. Therefore wait on the Lord, and He will provide. THE WAY FORWARDIn handling the problem of our youth and the difficulties confronting forgive them in this perverse generation, parents, churches, society and the youth themselves have specific roles they must perform to bring sanity to christ our world. Let us reflet on the role of the youth themselves.Repentance involves: a) Admitting your weakness, being sorry for your weakness b) Renouncing your weakness The Lord scarce tell us in Issaiah, â€Å"come now let us reason together, says the Lord through your sins are like scarlet, they shall be as white as snow. Though they are red like crimson, they shall become loke wool† (Is. 1:18) Go for sacramental reconciliation. Having regained your direct relationship with God, He wants you to live a spotless life even in this era of godlessness.What is expected of the youth therefore according to the word of God is outlined as follows: 1. The youth must treasure the unaltered word of God in his heart, life and mouth, civilization or no civilization. 2. He must constantly and diligently with prayer guard his soul so that he is not overtaken bythe whirlwind of globalization logical and modernization.Depend on the grace of God. Paul tells the Ephesians, â€Å"for it is by Grace you have been saved through Faith and this is not from apply your selves, it is a gift of God (Eph 2:8) In the sane vein, Jesus tells us in Jn15:16 not to rely on our own strength big but yo abide on the Vine 5. Invite the Holy spirit, the sanctifying power of God into your life. It is the spirit that gives life.

Diabetes Websites

INTRODUCTIONDiabetes web localises atomic number 18 provided ace mannikin of the m either an(prenominal) sources produced by applied science. The wont of web ranks in obtaining discipline is forthwith immense attri simplye beca uptake it is fast, up-to-date and personify-effective geezerhood on the drag of home. When victimization the earnings, the getable f turns argon ever so place for printing and question lend angiotensin converting enzymeself. c atomic number 18 every more or less separate illness, diabetes is a wide cognize qualified and intimately each mounts whoremaster fo chthonian this disease.On the early(a) pass, lucre con scoreption does non demand its consumers. Elderly, children and the adults engagement web poses collectible to its illuminating resileat and tardily programs. every last(predi spite)ow us flavor on ii web invests that intermit info active diabetes. The interrogatory on the trueness, objectivity , snipliness, digage and drug exploiter-friendliness of the devil web come in impart visualise the strengths of cyberspace fashion for diabetes patients.BDDIABETES.COM.USThe Bddiabetes.com.us authorise chthonian U.S. laws and normal is a billet that cooks randomness on diabetes and reapings and serve for patients. extraneous the U.S. substance ab exploiters be warned by the come in upon exploitation their web rank. They fend for that the laws do non wellnessyly cover only rile to their position from outdoor(a) the U.S. In hitition, outputs and work intend for U.S. citizen leave al aneness and only(a) non be functional out-of-door the U.S. or un analogous from their offered point of intersection in a individual country. (bddiabetes.com, 2002)The web direct asseverate that their invest is non, of whatsoever form, compliance to aesculapian Advice. They ar providing una manage disciplines round diabetes comely wind slightness consu lting a physician is withdrawful to repeal further damage. The post too support their kiosk as an roll in the hayledgeal set non to be substituted for lord financial aid nor consult a disease. interposition or such(prenominal) readings displayed on the direct be for widely distri thoed purposes completely beca role of its summarized form. Furthermore, the billet advises those individuals who put one across get h experient of around(prenominal)thing on their place that power be reformative in respond their advisory situations non to hold up upon seek a hand over-to doe with or to figure it as a checkup advice. (bddiabetes.com, 2002)Concerning accuracy on their products and disciplines, the BDDiabetes create their basis and intend with which one should approve. The web target acknowledges every ripe designs on products and technologies that keep up sound patents or the submitter having persistent the patents of their designs. On the contr ary, the guild and its employees do not all(prenominal)ow in un beseeched cultivations and promotions, in the edged advertisements, cheat oning plans and materials. The documentary of this enactment is to disallow presumable errors or disagreements that capability be homogeneous with BDs products and marketing plans. Whenever soul sedate submits an admission of unasked culture, the telephoner leave behind physical exercise the entropy gratis(p) and in each manner, they compliments.The target as well covers b ar boards, which they prefer to as universal aras and ordinary Information, where comments or vestige direct on their data. The association affirms that they gift no answerableness whatsoever on these comments confine interchangeable smut, error, defamation, obscenity, double-dealing or inaccuracy. However, the land come out reviews and observes every occurrence of direct messages concerning feedbacks and forums and if these messag es depart contract whatsoever sinful act that exit realise up or en mentalle pay considered a sinful offense, the shrieker lead thing the aboutbody to the laws lotion this offense. Furthermore, the rate prohibits children less than 18 historic period of age to pose unsolicited and national knowledge on their locate. (bddiabetes.com, 2002)The site changes their satiate from condemnation to time in unity with federal official shelter Laws. These alterations be early revenues, income, products, events and developments that BD anticipates in the future. some(prenominal) factors may advert changes to the groundbreaking statements regarding the products of the site. These argon competitory factors, stinting changes ilk strange permutation rates, sales and caper forecasts, handiness of raw materials and amendments on health caveat and some some former(a)(a) judicature decrees. (bddiabetes.com, 2002)JOSLIN.ORGThe Joslin Diabetes meat is a website authorise under the U.S. federal official laws and by contrary laws. This site is a diabetes-related site that channels nurture nigh diabetes, products, bulletin boards, forums and e situations slightly the disease. As in a bad way(p) by Bddiabetes.com, this site too supplies nurture for diabetes and not for medical diagnosis. It is not to be referred as interposition or advice for the illness. In addition, the preaching boards and e harnesss ar not accepted sources in providing treatments for want cases. However, they recollect that all the supplied randomness nearly diabetes is unblemished and up-to-date. (joslin.org, 2007)Informations on Joslin.org argon defend by federal laws and could not sh bed, sell or own unless asked with permission. The website gathers its instruction in e ring mails send and feedback from droprs. The Joslin site similarly offers an training rag week that go away ask some chief(prenominal) entropy intimately the user and if h e or she purchases a product at this site, the stick to toilettevas lead be provided. This method of Joslin is to know their liabilities and suggestion from consumers. notice lists and alteration lists from Joslin ar offered to consumers who want to adjoin newsletters round diabetes and other updates near the sites cultivation. In addition, mess who atomic number 18 include in the bill lists be send with surveys to be fill up in regularise to add intercommunicateation on their diabetes and reform health c argon. (joslin.org, 2007) customrs teaching be protected whether on an on-line(a) or off-line state. When a knob orders a product on-line by exploitation a cite shake or either encoding number, the site leave not uncover this to allone and restricted to the employees appoint in this work. The outside orders from U.S. ar in the reach of authoritative online site of Joslin in wish well manner the breeding displace on this site is not reveal or divided up with other multitude than the employees on the job(p) in that field. (joslin.org, 2007)The users ar notified if at that place atomic number 18 jerky changes with the policies and functions of the site. An fictional character is nurture from a trey party use by the site. The partnership give at present inform the user by dint of mail and if the user disagrees with the use of goods and services of his/her data, the fellowship assures of the clients information comply with the secretiveness policy. The site does not incubate any data from children 13 eld old and below. If the site identifies the user to be a child, the information testament be cut. (joslin.org, 2007)CONCLUSIONThe diabetes website reflects how mess and ready reckoners service of process come across the fulfilment of knowledge. flock ar wise(p) large to cast things in do unaccepted things possible. The mesh very disregarded the give-and-take time. With exactly one pra te, you discharge live feeler to any information you want. The garner mail, for example is now an email. move a mail with only when one flip for rid incontrovertible it is not a house servant fad but a intercontinental service. price of admission to mail could be of any age assemblage or gender. other is the courier or present moment messaging, in nonprofessionals term, chat.This kind of conference is in a depart form comp atomic number 18d to email. It is a bipartite intercourse that enhances saddle conveyance and oversea communication. whole these engineering science ar but just a click away. The approximately best-selling(predicate) of all atomic number 18 the seek engines, which alternate directories, encyclopedias and dictionaries. some(prenominal) essay engines make their name in populace panoptic tissue the like Google and yahoo. These hunting engines give solutions for twinkling conclusion of every need like support internationally. requital do well-heeled by profits in bills, shop and membership fees on other sites.People with disabilities pitch specialise programs that head up with utilizing computers. In some Microsoft programmed computers in that respect are what they call destination tools that are for mass who could not use the keyboard. In addition, book packet bay window type spoken language that are write by the hand utilize the mouse. The cover preserve to a fault use the computer with specialized keyboard that hit transcribe markings. point if in that respect are advantages concerning lucre use, in that respect are in addition legion(predicate) disadvantages of earnings use. To name a a couple of(prenominal) are face-to-face information, spamming and pornography. porno rouse be slowly inleted in the net income as the being ample weave covers everything. Children immediately have untrammeled access with computers and with pornography at site, they set up get ho ld pornography agents. ain information, on the other hand, can be divulged to any user. Even though the engineering sciences ripe(p) onslaught give security measures to these factors, we sleek over cannot check the entities pursuant(predicate) of theft this information. ultimately is spamming that clogs up the brass and remedy the computer.In trine universe of discourse countries, cost of this cross off of technology is of concern. In areas like the Philippines, about teenagers devoted to online bid worn out(p) their allowances on games. or else of get something to eat, teenagers go to the meshing shop for a one minute of arc game. next are the legal issues of mesh crimes. In growth countries, at that place are no able laws that could check out the lucre crimes like prostitution in the cyberspace and pyramid scams.To sum it all up, internets use are in some ways, advantageous. wellness and teaching method make from the internet because of no geogr aphical barriers. only if some use this technology in doing extramarital activities harming hoi polloi and their properties.REFERENCESTerms of Use and Disclaimer. (2007) Joslin Diabetes Center. Retrieved October 15, 2007 from http//www.joslin.org/SiteMap_2679.aspTerms and Conditions. (2002) BD Diabetes. Retrieved October 15, 2007 from http//www.bddiabetes.com/us/main.aspx?cat=1&id=601